Annual Fluctuations in Local Photon Counts Reflect Differential Distances from the Galaxy’s Singularity: Astronomical, Chemical and Biology Implications

A conspicuous annual variation in the photon flux density of ~10 -12 W·m -2 by a photomultiplier tube housed in a hyperdark ground level setting was within the range expected for the small changes in the earth’s distance per orbit from the energetic entropy (Joules) of the singularity at the center of the galaxy. For the Bekenstein-Hawking relation to be congruent the singularity’s power must reflect the galaxy’s age. The power (W) per volume at the distance of the earth when divided into the peak-to-trough change in photon flux density for minimum-maximum distances from the galactic center converged with the Compton wavelength for an electron. Subsequent calculations indicated that the discrepancy between the magnetic moments of the orbit/spin of the electron and of the proton when the energy associated with the neutral hydrogen line is involved with the Bohr atom also solve for the Compton electron wavelength. The most likely local mechanism to satisfy the hyperfine currents that are in the order of 10 -15 A within the width of plasma membrane phenomena would be proton channels when pH ranges from about 5.8 to 7.4 which can occur transiently near neurons. The measured photon flux densities multiplied by known diffusion velocities of protons in water could produce energy levels of ~10 -20 J per square unit of time. The results suggest the potential for collapsing de Broglie particle-wave properties of an electron involves energies associated with neuronal action potentials coupled to cognition and that this potential may be spread through the galactic volume as pervasive photon flux densities originating from the singularity at the center.


INTRODUCTION
Contemporary astronomical measurements suggest that the center of the galaxy may be occupied by a singularity. The radius of the singularity according to the Schwarzchild equation can be estimated with precision. Although some approaches suggest that photons would be prohibited from emission, the structure of the galaxy suggests cohesive forces that could amplify small but discrete "diffusivity". Recent measurements have indicated that very proximal bodies, such as the radio source (S2) associated with Sagittarius A, may be moving within 2% of the velocity of light around the boundary condition. One would expect that exceptions to classical physical principles could occur and the properties reflective of the extent and duration of the galaxy should be discernable.
For almost two years measurements of "background" photon counts have been taken once every 2.5 s (limits of the software) by a digital photomultiplier unit (Model DM0090C from SENS-TECH, LTD) housed in hyper-dark conditions. Although there are no consistent diurnal effects there has been an obvious variation of photon counts as a function of the earth year as shown in Figure 1. The photon counts have been maximum during months when the earth was closer (Sept) to the galactic center and less when it was furthest away (March). The effect was not due to dark counts. The calculated energies associated with the peak-to-trough shift converged with solutions that indicate a potential interaction between energetic processes of matter across galactic space.  Figure 1. Mean monthly photon counts per second measured daily by a digital photomultiplier unit for almost two years from a hyperdark environment on Sudbury bedrock.

SINGULARITY ENERGY AT EARTH'S DISTANCE SOLVES FOR THE COMPTON ELECTRON WAVELENGTH
The entropy of a singularity, as described by the Bekenstein-Hawking formula is: where A is the area of the surface of the singularity, k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38·10 -23 J·K -1 ), c is the velocity of light in a vacuum (3·10 8 m·s -1 ), G is the gravitational constant (6.67·10 -11 m 3 ·kg -1 ·s -2 ), and the modified Planck's constant ħ=1.05·10 -34 J·s.
To obtain A, the radius of the singularity is required and according to classic Schwarzchild solutions: where, M is the mass of the unit, in this case the galaxy. If M is ~6·10 42 kg (a typical mid-range estimate), the radius would be ~8.9·10 15 m. The surface area of the "event horizon" for this sphere is ~9.95·10 32 m 2 .
Consequently the product of 9.95·10 32 m 2 , the multiplication of the Boltzmann constant by cosmic background temperature (2.3°K) and the cube of the velocity of light when divided by the Gravitational Constant and the modified Planck's value results in a value of 3.05·10 79 J. To obtain power (W), this value must be multiplied by a frequency or divided by a specific duration.
If this phenomenon reflects the whole of the set or the entirety of the space and the time that has been occupied the most parsimonious duration would be the age of the galaxy. Assuming the contemporary estimate of 3.16·10 17 s, the power would be: 9.6·10 61 W. At the distance of the solar system (~2.78·10 20 m from the galactic center), the volume of a sphere with that perimeter would be 8.99·10 61 m 3 . The radiant flux density within this volume would be ~1.07 W·m -3 .
The fluctuations of the photon counts between the closest distance (~autumnal equinox) and further distance (~vernal equinox) from the galactic center has been measured here to be about 4.42·10 -12 W·m -2 . This value is within the same order of magnitude as separate measurements in the main laboratory with analogue PMT devices. The present value assumes the peak sensitivity of the PMT is ~400 nm for each photon count and the aperture area is 1 cm 2 . When divided by the power density from the singularity, the distance across which the photon flux density would have been applied would be 4.42·10 -12 W·m -2 divided by 1.07·10 0 W·m -3 or 4.1·10 -12 m. This value is within the range (considering the measurement of error) of the Compton wavelength (2.4·10 -12 m) for an electron.
According to traditional approaches, the frequency of this distance when divided into the velocity of light in a vacuum is 0.75·10 20 Hz. This value multiplied by Planck's standard constant (6.626·10 -34 J·s) is 4.97·10 -14 J. The mass equivalent, when divided by the square of the velocity of light, is within the range of the mass of an electron.
This congruence suggests that the fluctuation of power density from the measurement station and perhaps the earth in general from the source in the galactic center could potentially affect the phase of the Compton wavelength. Changes from the galactic source or "information", that is temporal variations as amplitude, frequency, or phase modulations, could significantly affect the transformation from the particle to wave state of some electrons on the earth's surface and potentially in biological tissue.

MAGNETIC MOMENT DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN ELECTRON SPIN/ORBIT-PROTON SOLVE FOR THE COMPTON ELECTRON λ
The conspicuous similarity of magnitude between the differences of the orbital magnetic moment of an electron (μ B =9.2740780·10 -24 A·m 2 ) and the spin magnetic moment of an electron (μ e =9.2847701·10 -24 A·m 2 ) and the magnitude of the magnetic moment of a proton (1.410617·10 -26 A·m 2 ) may not be coincidence. The absence of an exact match between the discrepancy of the spinorbit magnetic moments of an electron and the magnetic moment of the proton may have diminished any systematic pursuit. However this difference of 3.4141·10 -27 A·m 2 has relevance here.
The energy (9.41·10 -25 J) associated with the hyperfine values of the hydrogen line has been attributed to the small discrepancies of energy from an orbiting electron spinning in the up or down direction. When divided by 3.4141·10 -27 A·m 2 the magnetic fields strength would be 2.7559·10 2 T. If it were contributory to the Compton λ, then it should be an integral component of a linear distance associated with B, μ, and I from (2) where: In this application, I (current) would be ef, the unit charge multiplied by the Bohr orbit frequency. For the latter the value is ~6.58·10 15 s -1 and unit charge is 1.6·10 -19 A·s which results in 1.05·10 -3 A. The product of 1.26·10 -6 N·A -2 and 1.05·10 -3 A divided by 2 times 2.756·10 2 T, is 2.4·10 -12 m. This is the Compton λ whose mass equivalent is that of the electron.

LOCAL MEDIATION BY PROTON CHANNELS IN MEMBRANES
The local mechanism whose magnetic field strength could match the 10 -12 T whereby the intragalactic magnetic fields [1] and the cerebral cortical magnetic fields [2] could intercalate would require a precise range of current. Employing the classic formula for magnetic field strength associated with a tube, such as the geometry of an ion channel within a plasma membrane, the required current would be: where μ is magnetic permeability (1.26·10 -6 N·A -2 ), B is the strength of the field, and r is the radius of the channel. The resulting current would be within the range of 10 -15 A. This value is at least three orders of magnitude less than the classic channels that mediate ions such as K + or Na + (~10 -12 A). However it within the range of the pH-dependent proton (H + ) channels whose values can vary between 10 -17 A to 10 -15 A over a range of pH 7.4 to pH 5.8, respectively [3].

ILCPA Volume 49
There are about 10 3 more proton channels in plasma membranes of cells than any other type of ion channel [3]. Voltage-gated proton channels display a specific property that would allow constant responding to an intrinsic energetic field within which they would be immersed. The channels do not inactivate or enter a "closed state" like most other ion channels but instead cease in direct function because of the increase pH inside the cell due directly to the efflux of the protons. The shift towards more positive voltages reduces the driving force for the proton current.
Global changes of brain pH alter excitability of neurons. Alkaline and acid shifts are usually associated with increased and decreased lability, respectively. Davis et al [4] measured reduction of the half-time required for the peak amplitude of action potentials from 10 to 40 ms to 0.4 to 0.7 ms when the outside pH around ventromedial hypothalamic neurons was stepped from pH 7.9 to pH 7.2 and from pH 7.9 to pH 5.7, respectively. Stated alternatively a difference of ~1.5 pH from baseline physiological levels was associated with a shift in duration that ranged between the "increment" of consciousness and the temporal duration of the action potential from which the former arises as an aggregate or field phenomenon. For some populations of neurons the Δt required for extracellular pH to achieve peak amplitudes is the same duration as the repetition of rostral-caudal propagating cortical fields that are strongly correlated with consciousness, i.e., 10 to 25 ms [5].
The requirement of a specific intensity of current would suggest that excess correlation between non-local processes, or entanglement, through the transition at the Compton λ to matter would be mediated through the proton channel but only at specific pHs that would be within the range of femtoAmps. By necessity of the dynamics of the pH shifts and neuronal activity these "congruent" conditions would be transient but frequent.
Within this range the duration of the action potential would approach the time required for entanglement latency between the solar-earth system and the center of the galaxy. Assuming this latency reflects an excess correlation velocity of about 2.84·10 23 m·s -1 and the average distance between the earth and center of the galaxy is ~2.78·10 20 m, the time required would be about 1 ms. This is the duration of the typical peak of the action potential for neuronal activity. It is also the value calculated by Persinger and Koren [6] to be the time required for a classical electron radius to expand one Planck's length.
The hydronium ion has been considered to be the primary mechanism that might mediate external photon sources through the cerebral volume. For example Persinger et al [7] found that the time required for a photomultiplier sensor placed near the fronts of human heads to respond to a 10,000 lux (wrapped to prevent any light from escaping) light applied over the backs of the heads was about 1 s or within the range expected if the energy was propagated in Grotthuss-like chains by proton's moving through a matrix of hydronium ions within cerebral water.
According to Decoursey [3] the H + diffusion constant is 8.65·10 -9 m 2 ·s -1 (at around 20°C). The product of the mean photon flux density that the calculations suggest may be originating from the galactic center, 4.4·10 -12 kg·s -3 (W·m -2 ) and this diffusion constant is 3.8·10 -20 J·s -2 . The second shell hydrogen bonds, which are more directly involved with proton mobility, display normal strengths of ~1.8·10 -20 J. This convergence suggests that the energy originating within the singularity per square second would be sufficient to affect proton mobility and neuronal action potentials locally.
If the squared temporal term (s 2 ) were eliminated, then only unit energy would remain. Persinger and Koren [8] showed that the intrinsic solution for the equivalence between two sources for the "entanglement velocity" of ~10 23 m·s -1 required the sixth root of a frequency term. That value was 0.26 Hz. Division of the intrinsic energy associated with photon flux density and the diffusion constant for H + by the square of that frequency results in 5.62·10 -19 J. This is equivalent to light within a wavelength of about 345 to 350 nm.
When water is excited by 260 nm photons, two wide emission bands centered at 345 nm and 425 nm have been measured [9]. This relation is important because absorptions in the ~260 to 270 nm band have been measured within Pollack's exclusion zones [10] where interfacial water structure affects physical, chemical and biological processes. If there are no recondite or unexpected International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Vol. 49 sequences this solution suggests that the wavelength through which cells might be affected by the pervasive galactic photonic field is within the near ultraviolet.

IMPLICATIONS FOR COGNITIVE ("CONSCIOUSNESS") CORRELATES
The involvement of a value that reflects the interface between matter-waves, the Compton λ, has direct implications for the fundamental chemistry of cellular reactions in general and the neuron's dynamic specifically. The activity of the latter is a primary correlate of more complex biological phenomena such as cognition, consciousness, and awareness.
The ΔV for an average (classic) single action potential is 1.2·10 -1 V and when divided by the Compton λ would be 0.5·10 11 V·m -1 . This value divided by a quantity that reflects a typical mid-range intensity for the magnetic fields generated by the dynamic human cerebral cortices (or the intergalactic magnetic fields), that is 0.5·10 -12 T, results in ~10 23 m·s -1 . This is the "entanglement" velocity that has been calculated from two different approaches [11] by appropriately combing universal constants in dimensional analyses to solve for a four dimensional geometry or by dividing the potential difference per meter by magnetic energy within the universe.
The duration of the average action potential of a neuron is ~10 -3 s (1 ms). The time required for a process diffusing at the entanglement velocity between the earth and the center of the galaxy ~10 20 m in distance would be ~10 -3 s. This would suggest that both the intrinsic potential difference and the duration of the action potential, the quintessential components for the multiple variations of cognition, could be coupled to energies emerging from the galactic singularity and mediated through the Compton wavelength. For comparison the time required to stack a base on an expanding (synthesizing) RNA ribbon involves about 1 ms and requires about 10 -20 J of energy [12].
If all matter within the galaxy originated within its source and the source is strongly correlated with the central singularity, then some mechanism of intrinsic connection between the parts would be expected. This is not an anomalous possibility. Recent observations indicate unexpected alignment of the polarizations of quasars within very large-scale structures across billions of light years [13]. The source of the photon fluctuations measured here may reflect this "intrinsic connection" within the galaxy.
The implications of the calculations from the empirical measurements recorded here would be consistent with the philosophical idealism articulated by Sir Arthur Eddington in his classic book The Nature of the Physical World [14]. He inferred that knowledge of the physical universe was reflected within human cognition. He was one of the first cosmological thinkers to truly appreciate that the intricate perceptions and interpretations of distant stars were still being mediated by the changes and nuances of neuronal activity. If indeed the structure of the perceived universe through telescopes and measurements are mirrored in human consciousness, then one would expect some process by which the matter composing the brain and consciousness and the massive volumes of space external to this reference to share a medium through which excess correlation could occur.

CONCLUSIONS
The continuous monitoring of photon counts in a hyperdark setting revealed a yearly pattern whose flux densities were consistent with the earth's orbit-dependent distance from the center of the galaxy. The quantities of the fluctuation in photon power density were consistent with that expected from the energy over the age of the galaxy from a singularity at its center. The energies from this singularity may explain the small discrepancy between the interesting near-congruence between the magnetic moment spin/orbit for the electron and that of the proton when the dynamics of the neutral hydrogen line are incorporated. Only proton channels within pH ranges associated with neuronal activity show comparable currents and energies within biological tissue. There may be diffusivity of photon density originating from the singularity within which all matter within the galactic boundary is immersed that reflects its age and may be a medium through which excess correlations could occur.