The analysis of copper-iron metallic mixture by means of XRD and XRF

. The objective of the paper has been given on observations based on studies of the three samples of copper-iron (Cu-Fe) alloy have been prepared from 3gm mass of copper of 99.9 % purity powder and adding 1gm weight of iron powder and adding 1.5gm weight of iron powder. A discussion about simple and low cost preparation of Cu-Fe alloy by Mini Mill 2 Panalytical and preparation of the sample was rotating at 10 min and in case of grinding samples at high speed 300 rpm. Herzog press Panalytical used to produce pressed powder Cu-Fe alloy. The characters of Cu-Fe particles are depending on their size, shape and chemical surroundings. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (Model: Panalytical Empyrean) study is most important tool used in powder materials science. For studied three samples the value of (111) plane has the highest value compared to other planes. The spectra obtained were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Model: Rigaku-NEX CG). From the spectra obtained, there were some elements to be present in the sample were Cu-Fe. The intensity of Cu pure is larger than impurity copper samples analysis by XRD and XRF. Also impurity affects the intensity, (2θ) position and shape of the X-ray spectra.


INTRODUCTION
An alloying material in pure form is difficult and has a high cost [1]. In industrial metal production there is usually a need of fast analysis to choice of sample preparation. The processes of manufacturing powder metallurgy depend largely on the physical and chemical characteristics of the initial metal powders [2]. The characteristics of metal powders in turn depend upon the method used in producing these metal powders. The basic characteristics of metal powder are: chemical composition and purity, particle size and its distribution, particle shape. Cu-Fe alloy powder is a measure of the powder ability to deform under applied pressure and is represented by pressure [3]. Copper is one of the most common alloy elements in the powder metallurgy field. The addition of iron powder to copper to increased mechanical strength and hardness of the Fe/Cu sintered alloys [4] it calculated a grain size, a modifier or a hardener because the size of the lattice constant depends on the size of the ions [5]. The crystal structure of iron is body centered cubic (BCC) and copper is face centered cubic (FCC) [6]. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) used to determine peak position was carried out using a Panalytical Empyrean. Operating at 45 kV and 40 mA, with a Cu X-ray tube (λ = 0.15406 nm) equipped with a 1x1 mm 2 point focus and a Nickel filter on the direct beam path to absorb the Cu K β radiation [7]. The incident beam is collimated with a 1mm. Diameter collimator and focused on the sample mounted on a four-circle goniometer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a very simple analytical technique; X-rays excite atoms in a sample, which emit X-rays at energies characteristic of each element. The process of detecting and analyzing the emitted x-rays is called '' X-ray Fluorescence Analysis.'' In most cases the innermost K and L shells are involved in X-ray Fluorescence detection.

COPPER-IRON MIXTURE PREPARATION
Before grinding copper-iron metallic by (Model: Mini Mill 2 Panalytical) was cleaned the bowl with acetone for a specific time. The hardness of the grinding bowl used and of the grinding balls must be higher than of the Cu-Fe used [7][8]. The grinding bowls and grinding balls of Cu-Fe are resistance to acids with the exception of hydrofluoric acid. The chemical composition of copper- iron alloy is given in different amount iron powder such as Cu pure (3gm), Cu (1.5gm)/Fe (1.5gm) and Cu (3gm)/Fe (1gm). Impurity affects on the intensity, (2θ) position and shape of the X-ray spectrum. In accordance with the application, the grinding time should be adapted of the bowl. Copper-iron metallic has investigated at 10 min and in the case of grinding of samples at high speed 300 rpm. (Model: Herzog press Panalytical) makes pressing pellets of various materials efficient and reproducible. Suited for Cu-Fe alloy pressing applications, the hydraulic pump is operated for a pressing to 15 tons.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND PARTICLE SIZE CALCULATION BY DEBYE-SCHERRER METHOD
X-ray diffraction is one of the most important characterization tools used in solid state chemistry and materials science [9]. Diffraction pattern gives information on size and shape of the unit cell from peak positions and information on electron density inside the unit cell, namely where the atoms are located from peak intensities. It is the first step in diffraction pattern analysis [10][11]. To index a powder diffraction pattern of determining the peak positions, it is necessary to assign Miller indices (h k l) to each peak. X-ray diffraction patterns of Cu-Fe alloy mixtures with different weight Fe are shown in figure. 1 with smaller atom radius of Fe (0.126 Å) compared with that of Cu (0.128 Å) [12]. As shown in the table 1, it means crystallite size increased by added iron the mechanical alloying. Indicating that there is Fe peak at 2θ = 45.1 and 82.8 degree as shown in figure1. XRD analyses of the prepared sample of Cu-Fe alloy metallic were done by a Panalytical Empyrean (Under 45kV/40mA -X-Ray, 2θ/ θ-Scanning mode). Data was taken for the 2θ range of 5 to 90 degrees with a step of 0.013 degree. Moreover, the high intense peak for Cu pure material is generally (111) reflection, which is observed in the samples.
Where λ-wave length of X-ray, d-interplaner spacing, θ-diffraction angle, n = 1, 2. 3, The crystallite size can be found out by using the Scherrer's formula: Where 'λ' is wave length of X-Ray (1.5406(Å)), 'β' is FWHM (full width at half maximum), 'θ' is the degree of the diffraction peak and 'D' is crystallite size. The chemical composition of copperiron alloy is given in different amount iron mixed with copper is given in the following table (1). In

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE
X-Ray Fluorescence or secondary (XRF) is the phenomenon where a material is exposed to X-rays of high energy, and as the X-ray (or photon) strikes an atom (or a molecule) in the sample, energy is absorbed by the atom. The peaks in the spectrum correspond to the elements in the sample [16]. The number of X-ray in each peak is proportional to the number of atoms. The intensity or frequency of occurrence measured in counts per second, on the vertical axis and energy of the fluorescent signal, measured in kiloelectronvolts, across the horizontal axis shown in figure (2).

Figure.2. Show the measured energy spectrum & variation of weight materials by XRF
The tube voltage and tube current can be set within 25 kV and 1.0 mA respectively [1]. The measured intensity of single emission line depends on the energy spectrum and of exciting X-rays, on the efficiency of the detector and the geometry of source and sample. It also depends on the other elements in the sample because the intensity of Cu k α pure was 1850.1 (cps) is larger than impurity copper samples, for (Cu 3gm + Fe 1gm) the intensity was 1385.5 (cps) and (Cu 1.5gm + Fe 1.5gm) was 600.29 (cps) shown in figure (2). Cu k α has a strong peak at 8.051 keV and Cu K β has a weak at 8.90 keV. The Fe was indicating that there is Fe at 6.41 and 7.05 keV respectively as shown in the table (2).  1.The XRD study confirms/indicates that the crystal structure of iron is body centered cubic (BCC) and copper is face centered cubic (FCC) by diffraction pattern. The measured intensity of single emission line depends on the energy spectrum and of exciting X-rays, on the efficiency of the detector and the geometry of source and sample. Cu k α has a strong peak at 8.051 keV and Cu K β has a weak at 8.90 keV. Iron was indicating that there is Fe at 6.41 and 7.05 keV respectively as shown in figure (2).

CONCLUSION
Particle structure characteristics such as size and shape will also be dependent on production method. The high intense peak for Cu pure material is generally (111) reflection, which is observed in the samples by XRD analysis. The measured intensity of single emission line depends on the energy spectrum and the other elements in the sample. The intensity of Cu pure sample is larger than impurity ones analysis by XRD and XRF. Also impurity affects on the intensity, (2θ) position and shape of the X-ray spectrum. X-ray fluorescence intensities affected by particle size of different metal powders.