International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 29

Abstract: The field experiment was conducted with four tillage and three nutrient management practices at Agronomy field unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The results of the study indicated that, higher groundnut pod yield (1307 and 1282 kg ha^-1) and haulm yield (2733 and 2889 kg ha^-1) was recorded with mechanical tillage + two intercultivations and integrated application of 50% organics and 50% inorganics, respectively as compared to rest of the treatments. Further, the same treatments noticed higher availability of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in soil after harvest of groundnut, but greater improvement in soil organic carbon content was observed with conventional tillage + one intercultivation (0.62%) as compared to rest of the tillage practices. The maximum net returns and benefit-cost ratio was recorded with mechanical tillage + two intercultivations (Rs. 11,287 ha^-1 and 1.75, respectively) and integrated application of 50% organics + 50% inorganics (Rs. 10,462 ha^-1 and 1.69, respectively). However, interaction effect of tillage and nutrient management practices were not influenced significantly on soil fertility and productivity of groundnut under rainfed farming system.

Abstract: The evolutionary transition from phenotypic to molecular analysis of infectious disease in bacterial epidemiology led to the search for suitable approaches to ascertain genomic relatedness or heterogeneity between bacterial clinical isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique was developed for separating and analyzing long DNA fragments of several megabases in alternating electric field. Comparison of electrophoresis profiles of restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA from bacterial isolates has proved to be a useful epidemiological tool for genetic discrimination of bacterial strains, detection of genetic relatedness, to locate the source of outbreak and to monitor the spread of the microorganisms in endemic zones. PFGE is considered as a gold standard method for typing of bacterial isolates because of the remarkable endurance of this technique as a typing method for the last 20 years in molecular epidemiology. In this current review the pros and cons of PFGE use in current molecular microbiological research are explored in the context of determination of genome organization of certain food-borne bacterial isolates causing infectious diseases in human beings.

Abstract: Anemia constitutes a public health problem, in both developed and developing countries with major burden on economic and social develop ment. Present study was designed to examine the prevalence of anemia among girl students of Abhilashi College, Distt Mandi Himachal Pradesh. Hemoglobin (Hb) level of 87 girls students was determined. Prevalence of anemia was detected to have been quite high at 55%. Self-awareness of the condition among those anemic was dismally low at 10%. Health education constitutes an important approach to increase awareness about anemia in terms of exposures, risk factors, essential nutrition ingredients an d the importance of iron supplementations. Thus, the present study has tried to focus on those issues which are responsible for determining the level of anemia among wo men aged 20 to 40 years and has also tried to provide scientific exp lanations of iron deficiency anemia.

Abstract: The present investigation has been carried out to find the ethno medicinal value of plants in Thanjuvur District of Tamil Nadu, India. This study of ethno medicinal value of plants and cure the various disease of around the Thanjuvur District. Ancient methods of treatment by ethno medicinal value of various types of trees, shrubs, herbs and underground modification such as root, stem, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits and seed. The ethno medicinal value of plants make grounded plant parts, and juices used to cure the various diseases like, cough, cold, asthma, eye disease, ulcer, jaundice, rheumatic arthritis, memory stimulants, wound healing and cardiovascular disease. We have identified and reported more than 38 species of medicinally important plants belonging to 25 families.

Abstract: Public participation so far is not dedicated adequate attention in areas environmental protection. The objective of this work is to consider environmental awareness in northeastern Montenegro, on the example of municipalities Berane, Petnjica, Andrijevica, Plav and Gusinje. In accordance with the concept of sustainable development it is necessary is directed population on raising awareness on environmental protection. When the public better acquainted with the environmental problems, will be are able to help in solving them.

Abstract: The study of diversity of plants in an urban area is a suitable measure of the terrestrial ecosystem. The study of avenue and wild plants diversity is an important research work, which provides knowledge about naturally occurring chemicals in plants, to protect against mutation, cancer and other diseases. These are commonly called as phytochemicals and the natural chemical ingredients are potent to use in antimutagenicity. The present study aims to understand the occurrence and population nos. of different avenue and wild plants planted or natural on roadside near Nature Park, Kolkata, India. The results clearly indicate that a total population of these plant species are having 282 nos. in the study area. Various literatures clearly revealed that these plants and/or their parts have potent antimutagenic properties by the presence of several phytochemicals. In conclusion, present preliminary research emphasizes an occurrence of antimutagenic avenue and wild plants on roadsides, containing natural chemical ingredients. Previous research works confirmed that toxins or mutagens or carcinogens may cause mutation that leads to cancer. The present study is a preliminary assessment of antimutagenic avenue and wild plant species diversity that have not yet been studied in that particular geographical area. The present study also suggested that avenue and wild plants are suitable for antimutagenic potential along with aesthetical view of human as well as ecosystem support. Therefore, biodiversity study, phytochemicals estimation and conservation of these particular plant species and/or different antimutagenic species in other local area viz. roadsides, parks, forests etc. might be relevant because the plant species can be used for herbal medicine in human healthcare as well as to prevent mutation and cancer.