International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 39

Abstract: The study evaluated the effects of Mimusa pudica (M. pudica) leaf extract on type 2 diabetes in rats fed high fructose diet (HFD). Rats were fed either control diet or HFD for 14 days, following which the diet was fortified with M. Pudica at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW. After 8 weeks, HFD caused deleterious metabolic effects, including increased body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and liver dysfunction. Further, rats fed HFD alone showed increased activities of hepatocellular enzymes in plasma and lipid deposition in liver. Treatment with M. pudica significantly reduced the body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, managed the dyslipidemia and reduced liver damage towards normal. Histopathology of the liver confirmed the changes induced by HFD and the M. pudiac treatment significantly reversed towards normality. These data suggest that M. pudica treatment improve insulin sensitivity and attenuates fat accumulation in liver.

Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating profitability of selected coarse cereals production in major producing states of India through analyzing cost, return and profitability of coarse cereals cultivation. Cost concepts and farm business income measures used for analysis the data ranging from 1980-81 to 2011-12. Net return of coarse cereals cultivation was observed to be highest for maize and it was highest in Bihar (Rs. 15,429/ha) and lowest Uttar Pradesh (Rs. -4,006/ha). Net return from cultivation of sorghum was found to be highest in Andhra Pradesh (Rs. 952/ha) and lowest for Madhya Pradesh (Rs. -1,456/ha). For pearl millet net return was highest in Andhra Pradesh (Rs. 4,995/ha) and lowest for Karnataka (Rs. -1,252/ha) whereas cultivation of finger millet was observed to be at a loss

Abstract: The purpose of the present research is compare the effects of coagulation factors in non-athletes gilrs after exhaustive anaerobic activity .Present study was semi-emprical that was done on 12 non-athlete female students in range of 18-24 years. Exercise protocol was RAST test, that in which each person passed amain 35 meters of distance for 6 times and rest 10 seconds between each stage.Blood sampling was performed in two stages (before and after).Datas were analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Levine's test and two-way ANOVA level (p < 0/05 ). The results showed that anaerobic exercise had a significant influence on partial time Thromboplastin (PTT), and fibrinogen in non-athletic subjects.But there was not significative difference on Prothrombin time (PT), platelet and hematocrit.Findings suggested that a meeting of anaerobic exercise on blood coagulation factor, effectiveness and changes in some of the invoices for training program Drafradghyrfal is important.

Abstract: Field trials were conducted during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State located in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the response of some improved sweet potato varieties planted at three densities to intercropping with soybean. The experiment was a 2x3x3 split-split plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot consisted of two cropping systems [sole cropping (sweet potato, soybean) and intercropping (sweet potato + soybean). The sub-plot consisted of three sweet potato varieties (CIP440037, NRSP/05/007C and CIP440141). The sub-sub-plot treatment comprised of three sweet potato planting densities (25,000 plants/ha, 33,000 plants/ha and 50,000 plants/ha). Intercropping severely depressed the yields of both sweet potato varieties and the soybean component, such that intercrop yields were rarely above 50% of sole crop yields, irrespective of the sweet potato variety used. The number and weight of the sweet potato component was not significantly affected at the planting density of 50,000 plants/ha. Indices used to measure intercrop advantage showed that intercropping these sweet potato varieties with soybean was biologically efficient and percentage land saved varied from 23.08 and 32.43. Soybean was more competitive than sweet potato at all densities tested.

Abstract: The present work was made to investigate the vegetation structure of shrubs and herbs in research area. Total 48 plant species consisting of 7 shrubs and 41 herbs constructing Cenchrus-Zizyphus-Saccharum community from 9 sites in which 9 communities i.e. Fumaria-Rumex-Xanthium community, Cynodon-Solanum-Sonchus community, Cynodon-Sorghum-Alhagi community, Ajuga-Malvastrum-Calotropis community, Cynodon –Convolvulus-Cyperus community, Ajuga-Saccharum-Chenopodium community, Alhagi-Rumex-Euphorbia community, Saccharum-Cannabis-Xanthium community and Achyranthus-Ajuga-Euphorbia community were found. The contribution of total important values by shrubs was 43.78 and 256.2 by herbs. The soil of the area had better calcium carbonate in the range of (11.72 – 12.99 %), with soil pH (6.45 – 8.11). The EC was found in the range of (0.13-0.22 dS m^-1). The concentrations of P and K content were found in the range of (3.54-3.92 mg Kg^-1) and (111.21-127.14 mg Kg^-1). These results highlight the constant need for long-term ground-based conservation monitoring in combination with satellite-based monitoring of changes in vegetation cover.

Abstract: Aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. collected from south east of Algeria (Reguiba, El-Oued) possessed an essential oil in 2.34% (v/w) yield. GC and GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed recognition of Thirty-seven compounds, representing 95.02% (area percent) of the total oil composition. Oil was rich in Oxygenated hydrocarbons, exhibited higher percentage of Pulegone (46.31%) followed by Piperitenone (23.3%), Menthone (6.2%) and Limonene (4.7%). The antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging bioassay (IC₅₀ = 157 µl/ml).

Abstract: In the present study Limonia acidissima Groff. ethanolic leaves extract was used for the detection of its antidermatophytic assay. It results broad spectrum of antifungals and antibacterial. Where the antimycotic activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporium gypseum, Candida albicans and four Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more pronounced. The effective antidermatophytic activity observed against M. gypseum, T. tonsurans, E. coli and B. subtilis. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of all the test microbes was determined using broth dilution technique. MFC, MBC also standardized. Preliminary Phytochemical tests were carried for the revealing basics antimicrobial responsible molecules of secondary metabolites.

Abstract: The marine fish are extraordinarily nourishing food and are affluently accessible fish meat source. Fresh examined sample of grouper fish was collected from Mudasal odai fish landing center. The protein, carbohydrate, lipid, ash and moisture contents of Epinephelus coioides were found to be 19.07 mg, 4.03, 2.61, 77.38 mg and 1.21 mg/g respectively. The potassium and phosphorus are the predominant elements other nine components are present in considerable quantities in the total of 11 minerals. Palmitic acid, Oleic acid and Stearic acid were observed to be the major elements of total presented 15 fatty acids. In this current study we have concluded the grouper fish having rich source of protein and good fatty acids and it will facilitate to enhance the nutrition level on poor folks

Abstract: Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of Amoora ruhituka bark were investigated which reveals the presence of several secondary metabolites in each extracts. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was tested against four gram negative bacterial strains. The results indicated the zone of inhibition which ranges from 11.30±577 to 18.7±0.577 for different extracts in which Methanol extract has shown highest zone of inhibition for Salmonella typhimurium followed by Enterobacter aerogenes , E coli and P aeruginosa whereas benzene extract has showed the least zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the different extracts ranging from 0.78 mg/ml to 6.25mg/ml.The complete results of this study provides a essential data for the use of Amoora ruhituka for the treatment of infection associated diseases

Abstract: Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the abattoir effluent on surface water of River Katsina-ala in rainy and dry seasons were Escherichia coli; Klebsiella spp; Proteus vulgaris; Salmonella typhi and Gram-positive bacterium isolated was Streptococcus faecalis. In rainy season, the lowest mean bacterial count was from E.coli (0.0067+0.031 CFU/ml) and highest mean bacterial count from Salmonella typhi (0.0262+0.0079 CFU/ml). In the dry season, lowest mean bacterial count was from Proteus vulgaris (0.0081+ 0.0047 CFU/ml) and the highest from Streptococcus faecalis (0.0097+ 0.05 CFU/ml). The presence of Escherichia coli indicates possible faecal contamination. The results revealed that bacterial load was within the accepted maximum limit by WHO (2004); nevertheless, the disease causing bacteria pose threat to human health when water from the river is consumed without treatment.Keywords: microbiological; abattoir; water quality; effluent; River Katsina-ala