International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 83

Abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the phytochemical property evaluation of Roselle plants grown under bio Azotobacterine (Azotobacter chroococcum) and phosphorein (Bacillus polymyxa) and mineral (N, P and K fertilizers at the rates of 25, 50 and 100% from the doses recommended by Ministry of Agriculture) fertilizers applied in different types of soil. Samples of Roselle plants were obtained from different soils (clay soil at Dar El-Ramad farm, sandy loam and saline loamy sand soil at Demo farm, Faculty of Agriculture) at El-Fayoum governorate conditions. Moreover, some of the phytochemical properties (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) under different soils were determined. The data obtained showed that, bio and mineral (NPK) fertilizers increased the above compositions of roselle plants under different soils of experiment. The maximum increase of these compositions was obtained by the treatment clay soil × 100% NPK + bio fertilizers, followed by clay soil × 50% NPK + bio fertilizers as compared to saline loamy sand soil × non fertilizer treatment, although, the differences between these treatments and mineral fertilizer at the rate of 100% NPK alone were insignificantly. Therefore, it is economically and environmentally recommended to inoculate roselle seeds with mixture of Azotobacter + Bacillus and fertilize these inoculated plants with 50% NPK for improve chemical compositions (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants under clay soil. Key words: Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biofertilization, soil type, salinity, chemical composition.

Abstract: The article presents the results of studies physiology of nutrition of juveniles individuals of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir. histological structure, morphometric parameters of digestive system and nutrition biology were investigated. The material for work were collected during scientific research in June-July 2016–2017. The ichthyological sampling was carried out in the Samara Bay of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir. Researches of structure of digestive system were conducted using histological methods, researches of nutrition were conducted using ichthyological and hydrobiological methods The height of the intestinal epithelium of the pumpkinseed`s juveniles varies from 15.5 microns to 51.9 microns and on average is 32.59 ± 9.03 microns, the area of secretory goblet cells of the intestine reaches 198.61 ± 36.55 μm². It was revealed that the pumkinseed’s juveniles only feed on phytoplankton. Research results can be useful for further study on the fish nutrition, especially sexual matured. Also, nutrition studies can help to find biomeliorative methods to combat the pumpkinseed, because the species is in competition with industrially valuable species of fish for fodder.

Abstract: Plants are reservoirs of bioactive compounds with the potential for pharmaceutical use. In this study, the secondary metabolites of Neonauclea formicaria leaf crude ethanolic extract were determined using phytochemical screening. The plant's leaf extract was then used to test its angiogenesis activity using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Four concentrations of the extract were prepared—0.1 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 10.0 mg/L, and 100.0 mg/L and were topically applied on the CAM. Phytochemical screening revealed that N. formicaria leaves contain heavy amounts of flavonoids and tannins, while alkaloids, saponins, and steroids were present in trace amounts. The crude ethanolic extract was anti-angiogenic, as indicated by the significant decrease of vascular density at higher concentrations (P<0.05).  The 100 mg/L extract concentration showed the highest vascular inhibition (50.93%) among the other concentrations, suggesting its angiopreventive potential (P<0.05). Further investigation on the embryo's gross morphometry revealed no significant effects in the weight, crown-rump length, head-beak length, forelimb length, and hind limb length. Also, these indices were not associated with the angiogenesis activity on the CAM. Further studies exploring the specific metabolites of the different plant parts of N. formicaria and the plant's angiopreventive potential are recommended.

Abstract: Sewage treatment through constructed wetland is an ecofriendly and sustainable approach proven effective worldwide. Constructed wetland with appropriate species is capable of eliminating all pollutants in sewage, except pathogen removal. An additional polishing treatment is required to eliminate pathogen. Optimization of HLR in CWS was executed by applying first order kinetics. Nanocomposite clay filter with economically viable materials was synthesized and disinfection ability was evaluated. A novel approach integrating constructed wetland system tailed by nanocomposite clay filter was designed. Control was setup with constructed wetland system devoid of plants integrated with clay filter devoid of nanoparticles. The constructed wetland system devoid of plants was used as plants play a vital role in the removal of pollutants. The quality of the influent for (n=20) BOD, COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO₄, Cl, lead and iron were 248, 345, 26, 4.8, 350, 450, 50, 48, 0.2, 5 mg/L respectively. The quality of effluent in the control was 145, 225, 18, 3.8, 185, 345, 31, 30, 0.6, 2 mg/L for BOD,COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO₄, Cl, lead and iron respectively. While in the test, 10, 30, 2, 1, 30, 128, 13, 12, BDL, BDL mg/L for BOD, COD, TKN, TP,TSS, TDS, SO₄, Cl, lead and iron respectively. The inlet concentration of T.C, F.C and E.coli were 42.1x10⁶-6.3x10⁸, 4.9x10⁵-14.4x10⁶ and 7.8x10³-3.8x10⁵ respectively. The pathogen reduction in log removal for test and control units were 5.4 and 1.1 for T.C, 4.4 and 1.2 for F.C and 3 and 1 for E.coli.  Thus it is a clean green initiative combating the limitations of disinfection surpassing the existing barriers.

Abstract: The growth of man-caused load on natural objects, including surface waters, gave impetus to the studying for issue of water pollution in Ukraine by various pollutants. Especially relevant for us are the studies of fishery reservoirs as a direct environment for growing quality aquaculture products. Among the toxic compounds contained in reservoirs, one of the first places is occupied by heavy metals. On the one hand, heavy metals, as pollutants in natural waters, pose a great danger because even in relatively small concentrations they can adversely affect aquatic organisms. On the other hand, in microquantities most heavy metals (except mercury, cadmium and lead) are a natural and even essential component of living cells of aquatic organisms, including fish [17,19].Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Cd in the organs and tissues of the bighead carp hybrid form, which was cultivated in ponds from highly urbanized territory, are distributed heterogeneously and their level of content depends not only on the physical and chemical characteristics of the aquatic environment or this heavy metals biochemical activities force in fish organisms, but also on functional features of concrete organs and tissues of the latter. Results of our investigations showed that above mentioned heavy metals were characterised by high levels of content in the organs and tissues of hybrid silver x bighead carp. Highest content in organism of hybrid are lead, cobalt, and cadmium. Highest concentration of heavy metals in our investigations was recorded in gills, because it is the first defence line of fish organism from environmental pollutants.