News Downloads About Us Contact Us
Paper Titles
Phytochemical Properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) Plants Grown under Bio and Mineral Fertilizers in Different Types of Soil
p.1
Nutrition Physiology of Juveniles Individuals of Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Samara Bay (Ukraine)
p.15
Neonauclea formicaria (Rubiaceae) Leaf Extract Inhibits Vascularization in the Chorioallantoic Membrane of Duck Embryos
p.22
Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetland System Tailed by Nanocomposite Clay Filter: A Clean Green Initiative
p.32
Heavy Metals in Organs and Tissues of Silver X Bigheads Carp Hybrid as Indices of Anthropogenic Pressure in Areas with a High Level of Urbanization
p.55

Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetland System Tailed by Nanocomposite Clay Filter: A Clean Green Initiative

Article Preview

Abstract:

Sewage treatment through constructed wetland is an ecofriendly and sustainable approach proven effective worldwide. Constructed wetland with appropriate species is capable of eliminating all pollutants in sewage, except pathogen removal. An additional polishing treatment is required to eliminate pathogen. Optimization of HLR in CWS was executed by applying first order kinetics. Nanocomposite clay filter with economically viable materials was synthesized and disinfection ability was evaluated. A novel approach integrating constructed wetland system tailed by nanocomposite clay filter was designed. Control was setup with constructed wetland system devoid of plants integrated with clay filter devoid of nanoparticles. The constructed wetland system devoid of plants was used as plants play a vital role in the removal of pollutants. The quality of the influent for (n=20) BOD, COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron were 248, 345, 26, 4.8, 350, 450, 50, 48, 0.2, 5 mg/L respectively. The quality of effluent in the control was 145, 225, 18, 3.8, 185, 345, 31, 30, 0.6, 2 mg/L for BOD,COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron respectively. While in the test, 10, 30, 2, 1, 30, 128, 13, 12, BDL, BDL mg/L for BOD, COD, TKN, TP,TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron respectively. The inlet concentration of T.C, F.C and E.coli were 42.1x106-6.3x108, 4.9x105-14.4x106 and 7.8x103-3.8x105 respectively. The pathogen reduction in log removal for test and control units were 5.4 and 1.1 for T.C, 4.4 and 1.2 for F.C and 3 and 1 for E.coli.  Thus it is a clean green initiative combating the limitations of disinfection surpassing the existing barriers.

By email View Pdf

Info:

Periodical:

International Letters of Natural Sciences (Volume 83)

Pages:

32-54

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56431/p-6jwscu

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

July 2021

Authors:

Boopathy Usharani*, Namasivayam Vasudevan

Keywords:

Constructed Wetland System, Cyperus alternifolius, Disinfection, Nanocomposite Clay Filter

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Permissions:

Creative Commons CC BY 4.0

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] Abdelhakeem, SG, Aboulroos, SA & Kamel, MM 2016, 'Performance of a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland under different operational conditions', Journal of Advanced Research, vol.7, no.5, pp.803-814.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2015.12.002

Google Scholar

[2] Abou- Elela, SI, Golinelli, G, El-Tabl, AS & Hellal, MS 2014, 'Treatment of municipal wastewater using horizontal flow constructed wetlands in Egypt', Water Science and Technology, vol.69, no.1, pp.38-47.

DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.530

Google Scholar

[3] Albalawneh, A, Chang, TK, Chou, CS & Naoum, S 2016, 'Efficiency of horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland treatment system in an arid area', Water, vol.8, no.51, pp.1-14.

DOI: 10.3390/w8020051

Google Scholar

[4] Arivoli, A & Mohanraj R 2013, 'Efficacy of Typha angustfolia based vertical flow constructed wetland system in pollution reductant of domestic wastewater' International Journal of Environmental Science, vol.3, no.5, p.1497.

Google Scholar

[5] Brame, J, Fattori, V, Clarke, R, Mackeyev, Y, Wilson, LJ, Li, Q & Alvarez, P 2014, 'Water disinfection using nanotechnology for safer irrigation: A demonstration project in Swaziland', Environmental Engineer and Scientist, vol.50, no.2, pp.40-46.

Google Scholar

[6] Chandrakanth, G, Srimurali M, Vivek Vardhan, CM 2016, 'A study on domestic wastewater treatment by pilot-scale constructed wetlands', International Journal of Chemtech Research, vol.9, no.06, pp.376-383.

Google Scholar

[7] Chen, Z, Wu, S, Braeckevelt, M, Paschke, H, Kastner, M, Koser, H & Kuschk, P 2012, 'Effect of vegetation in pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating sulphate rich groundwater contaminated with a low and high chlorinated hydrocarbon', Chemosphere, vol.89, no.6, pp.724-731.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.042

Google Scholar

[8] Collison, RS & Grismer, ME 2013, 'Nitrogen and COD removal from domestic and synthetic wastewater in subsurface–flow constructed wetlands', Water Environmental Research, vol.85, no.9, pp.855-862.

DOI: 10.2175/106143013x13736496909022

Google Scholar

[9] De Almeida, M, Vargas-Zerwes, F, Ferreira-Bastos, L, da Costa, AB, de Souza-Schneider, R.D, C, Machado, E.L & Kohler, A 2015, 'Cation and anion monitoring in a wastewater treatment pilot project', Journal of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Antioquia, no.76, pp.82-89.

DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.n76a10

Google Scholar

[10] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2015, Alternative disinfectants and oxidants guidance manual. Available from <http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/ alternative disinfectants guidance>

Google Scholar

[11] Gajewska, M & Skrzypiec, K 2018, 'Kinetics of nitrogen removal processes in constructed wetlands', E3S Web of Conferences, vol.26, no.1, pp.1-4.

DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20182600001

Google Scholar

[12] Gikas, P, Ranieri, E & Tchobanoglous, G 2013, 'Removal of iron, chromium and lead from wastewater by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands', Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol.88, no.10, pp.1-10.

DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4048

Google Scholar

[13] Grasso, G, Zane, D, Dargone, R 2019 , 'Microbial nanotechnology, Challenges and prospects, for green biocatalytic synthesis of nanoscale materials for senoristic and biomedical applications',nanomaterials , vol.10, no.11, pp.1-20.

DOI: 10.3390/nano10010011

Google Scholar

[14] Gremion, F, Chatzinotas, A, von Sigler, KKW & Harms, H 2004, 'Impacts of heavy metal contamination and phytoremediation on a microbial community during a twelve-month microcosm experiment', FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol.48, no.2, pp.273-283.

DOI: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.02.004

Google Scholar

[15] Ibrahim, S, Aliza Kiran, Mehak Rashid, Saba Yamin, Aqsa Zarlish, Shumaila Munir, Rida Tehreem 2015, 'The efficacy of chlorinated water used for irrigation purpose on plant initial growth', Journal of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, vol.4, no.4, pp.17-19.

Google Scholar

[16] Kadlec, RH & Wallace, SD 2009, Treatment wetlands, Taylor and Francis group, BocaRaton, Florida, U.S.A.

Google Scholar

[17] Karathanasis, AD, Potter, CL & Coyne, MS 2003, 'Vegetation effects on fecal bacteria, BOD and suspended solid removal in constructed wetlands treating domestic water', Ecological Engineering, vol.20, no.2, pp.157-169.

DOI: 10.1016/s0925-8574(03)00011-9

Google Scholar

[18] Klomjek, P 2016, 'Swine wastewater treatment using vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with Napier grass', Sustainable Environmental Research, vol.26, no.5, pp.217-223.

DOI: 10.1016/j.serj.2016.03.001

Google Scholar

[19] Kyambadde, J, Kansiime, F & Dalhammar, G 2005, 'Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in substrate –free pilot constructed wetlands with horizontal surface flow in Uganda', Water, Air and Soil pollution, vol. 165, no. 1-4, pp.37-59.

DOI: 10.1007/s11270-005-4643-6

Google Scholar

[20] Lima, MX, Carvalho, KQ, Passiq, FH, Borges, AC, Filippe, TC, Azevedo, JCR & Nagali, A 2018, 'Performance of different substrates in constructed wetlands planted with E. crassipes treating low-strength sewage under subtropical conditions', Science of the Total Environment, vol.630, pp.1365-1373.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.342

Google Scholar

[21] Manios, T, Stentiford, I & Millner, P 2003, 'Removal of total suspended solids from wastewater in constructed horizontal flow subsurface wetlands', Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol.A38, no.6, pp.1073-1085.

DOI: 10.1081/ese-120019865

Google Scholar

[22] Mello, D, Carvalho, KQ, Passig, FH, Freire, FB, Borges, AC, Lima, MX & Marcelino, GR 2017, 'Nutrient and organic matter removal from low strength sewage treated with constructed wetlands' Environmental Technology.

Google Scholar

[23] Mustapha, HI, van Bruggen, JJA & Lens, N L 2018, 'Optimization of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment by vertical flow constructed wetlands under tropical conditions: Plant species selection and polishing by a horizontal flow constructed wetland' Water, Air Soil Pollution, vol. 229, no.137, pp.1-17.

DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3776-3

Google Scholar

[24] Mustapha, HI, van Bruggen, JJA & Lens, NL 2018 a, ' Fate of heavy metals in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating secondary treated petroleum refinery wastewater in Kaduna, Nigeria', International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol.20, no.1, pp.44-53.

DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1337062

Google Scholar

[25] Norah, M, Shumirai, Z, Zelma, M.L, Upenyu, M 2015, 'Impacts of untreated sewage discharge on water quality of middle Manyame river: A case of Chinhoyi town, Zimbabwe', International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, vol.3, no.3, pp.133-138.

DOI: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

Google Scholar

[26] Olukanni, DO & Kokumo, KO 2013, 'Efficiency assessment of a constructed wetland using Eichhornia crassipes for wastewater treatment', American journal of engineering research, vol.2, no.12, pp.450-454.

Google Scholar

[27] Pal, S, Joardar, J & Song, JM 2006, 'Removal of E.coli from water using surface-modified activated carbon filter media and its performance over an extended use', Environmental Science and Technology, vol.40, pp.6091-6097.

DOI: 10.1021/es060708z

Google Scholar

[28] Qazi, SA & Qazi, NS 2008, 'Natural resource conservation and Environment management', Chapter 4, Man and Environment,pp.76-77

Google Scholar

[29] Reed, S, Brown, D, Crites, R & Middlebrooks, E 1995, Natural systems for waste management and treatment, McGraw Hill professional, New York.

Google Scholar

[30] Rodriguez, F 2001, Activated carbon and adsorption in Encyclopedia of Materials, Science and Technology.

Google Scholar

[31] Sahu, O, 2014, 'Reduction of heavy metals from wastewater by wetland' International Letters of Natural Science, vol.12, pp.35-43. SciPress Ltd., Switzerland.

Google Scholar

[32] Sehar, S, Aamir, R, Naz, I, Ali, N & Ahmed, S 2013. 'Reduction of contaminants (Physical, chemical and microbial) in domestic wastewater through hybrid constructed wetland', ISRN Microbiology, vol.2013, no. 350260, pp.1-9.

DOI: 10.1155/2013/350260

Google Scholar

[33] Singh, S & Patidar, SK 2015, 'Performance evaluation of constructed wetland system treating domestic wastewater', Science and Technology, vol. 1, no.4, pp.194-200.

Google Scholar

[34] Soda, S, Hamad, T, Yamaok, Y, Ike, M, Nakazato H, Saeki, Y, Kasamatsu, T, Sakurai, Y, 2012,' Constructed wetlands for advanced treatment of wastewater with a complex matrix from a metal-processing plant: Bioconcentration and translocation factors of various metals in Acorus gramineus and Cyperus alternifolius', Ecological Engineering, vol. 39, pp.63-70.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.11.014

Google Scholar

[35] Stefanakis, AI & Tsihrintzis, VA 2012,'Effects of loading, resting period, temperature, porous media, vegetation and aeration on performance of pilot scale vertical flow constructed wetlands', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol.181, no.182, pp.416-430.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.108

Google Scholar

[36] Tiglyene, S, Mandi, L & Jaouad, AE 2009, 'Removal of chromium from tannery wastewater by vertical infiltration reed beds', Review of Water Sciences, vol.18, no.2, pp.177-198.

Google Scholar

[37] Trang, NTD, Konneup, D, Schierup, HH, Chiem, NH, Tuan, LA & Brix, H 2010, 'Kinetics of pollutant removal from domestic wastewater in a tropical horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: Effects of hydraulic loading rate', Ecological Engineering, vol.36, no.4, pp.527-535.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.11.022

Google Scholar

[38] Tuncsiper, B, Ayaz, S & Akca, L 2012, 'Coliform bacteria removal from septic wastewater in a pilot scale combined constructed wetland system', Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol.11, no.10, pp.1873-1879.

DOI: 10.30638/eemj.2012.233

Google Scholar

[39] Usharani, B & Vasudevan, N, 2017, 'Root exudates of Cyperus alternifolius in partial hydroponic condition under heavy metal stress, Pharmacognosy Research, vol.9, no.3, pp.294-300.

DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_107_16

Google Scholar

[40] Vacca, G, Wand, H, Nikolausz, M, Kuschk, P & Kastner, M 2005, 'Effect of plants and filter materials on bacteria removal in pilot- scale constructed wetlands', Journal of Water Research, vol.39, no.7, pp.1361-1373.

DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.01.005

Google Scholar

[41] Varma, M, Ashok Kumar Gupta, Partha Sarathy Goshal et al., 2020. ' A review on performance of constructed wetland systems in tropical and cold climate, Insights of mechanism, role of influencing factors, and system modification in low temperature conditions', Science of the Total Environment, vol.755,2. 142540.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142540

Google Scholar

[42] Van Haandel, A & Van der Lubbe, J 2012, Handbook of biological wastewater treatment, IWA publishing, London, UK.

Google Scholar

[43] Vidya Vijay, M, Sudarsan, JS & Nithiyanantham, S 2017, 'Sustainability of constructed wetlands in using biochar for treating wastewater', Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, vol.10, no.3, pp.1056-1061.

DOI: 10.7324/rjc.2017.1031738

Google Scholar

[44] Vymazal, J 2005, 'Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment', Ecological Engineering, vol.25, pp.478-490.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.07.010

Google Scholar

[45] Wakelin, SA, Colloff, MJ & Kookana, RS 2008, 'Effect of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent on Microbial Function and Community Structure in the Sediment of a Freshwater Stream with Variable Seasonal Flow', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 74, no. 9,  pp.2659-2668.

DOI: 10.1128/aem.02348-07

Google Scholar

[46] Wang P, Zhang, H, Zuo, J, Zhao, D, Zou, X, Zhu, Z, Jeelani, N, Leng, X & An, S 2016, 'A hardy plant facilitates nitrogen removal via microbial communities in subsurface flow constructed wetlands in winter', Scientific Reports, vol.6, no.3360, pp.1-10.

DOI: 10.1038/srep33600

Google Scholar

[47] WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme) (2017), The United Nations World Water Development Report, Wastewater: The Untapped Resource, ISBN 978-92-3-100201-4, Paris.

DOI: 10.18356/9cf16cfa-en

Google Scholar

[48] Yadav, SB, Jadhav, AS, Chonde, SG & Raut, PD 2011, 'Performance of surface flow constructed wetland system by using Eichhornia crassipes for wastewater treatment in an institutional complex', Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, vol.1, no.4, pp.435-441.

Google Scholar

[49] Yang, Z, Wang, Q, Zhang, J, Xie, H & Feng, S 2016, 'Effect of plant harvesting on the performance of constructed wetlands during summer', Water, vol.8, no.24, pp.1-10.

DOI: 10.3390/w8010024

Google Scholar

[50] Zhao, Y, Liu, B, Zhang, W, Kong, W, Hu, C & An, S 2009, 'Comparison of the treatment performances of high- strength wastewater in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Acorus calamus and Lythrum salicaria', Journal of Health Science, vol.55, no.5, pp.757-766.

DOI: 10.1248/jhs.55.757

Google Scholar

[51] Zurita, F & Carreon –Alvarez 2015, 'Performance of three pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands for total coliforms and Escheria coli removal from primary effluent- a 2 year study in a subtropical climate', Journal of Water and Health, vol.13, no.2, pp.446-458.

DOI: 10.2166/wh.2014.135

Google Scholar

[52] Zurita, F & White, JR, 2014, 'Comparative study of three two-stage hybrid ecological wastewater treatment systems for producing high nutrient, reclaimed water for irrigation reuse in developing counties', Water, vol. 6, pp.213-228.

DOI: 10.3390/w6020213

Google Scholar

© 2025 AOA Academic Open Access Ltd, Cyprus. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open access content, terms of the Creative Commons licensing CC-BY are applied. AcademicOA.com is a registered trademark of AOA Academic Open Access Ltd, Cyprus.