News Downloads About Us Contact Us
Paper Titles
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Waste Water as a Medium for Increase of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Biomass
p.1
Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Dried Cocoa
p.8
Radiological Assessment of Atmospheric Release from Tehran Research Reactor during Normal Operation by Using Pc-Cream Code
p.17
Morphology and Phenotype of Peripheral Erythrocytes of Fish: A Rapid Screening of Images by Using Software
p.27
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Phenol Removal from Water Using Activated Carbon Synthesizes from Avocado Kernel Seed
p.42
Effect of Bergenin on the Kidney of C57BL/6J Mice with High Fat-Diet Induced Oxidative Stress
p.58
Walking Behaviour and Spatial Use of Broiler Chickens
p.66
Remediation of Mild Crude Oil Polluted Fresh Water Wet Land with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer
p.75
Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Contents of Three Quercus Species
p.85

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Dried Cocoa

Article Preview

Abstract:

Organochlorine pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from selected towns from Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria were determined. Four towns Ondo and Idanre (Ondo State) and Ife and Ilesa (Osun State) were selected to represent cocoa producing areas in the states. Samples were extracted and cleaned-up on silica gel adsorbent. Pesticide residues were detected using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Five organochlorine pesticides were detected in the samples from Ondo state which includes alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH, endrin and p p’ DDT. The levels of p p’ DDT (0.108 mg/kg and 0.107 mg/kg) detected in samples from Ondo and Idanre towns were lower than the EU MRL (0.5 mg/kg), while other detected organochlorine pesticide residues from the State were higher than the EU MRL. In Osun State, alpha-HCH, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor-epoxide, endosulfan I and p p’ DDT were organochlorine pesticide residues detected, with lindane (0.074 mg/kg), endosulfan I (0.099 mg/kg) and p p’ DDT (0.235 mg/kg) being lower than EU MRLs. Higher levels of organochlorine pesticide residues than the EU MRLs suggest that the produce were not safe for human consumption because of the tendency of the pestsides to persist for a long period of time and as well bioaccumulate within the environment. The produce can also face trade threat in international market. Measures were suggested to ameliorate this situation.

By email View Pdf

Info:

Periodical:

International Letters of Natural Sciences (Volume 54)

Pages:

8-16

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56431/p-xlmi4n

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

May 2016

Authors:

Oladele Abiodun Olaniran*, Ebenezer Oyerinde Ajiboye, Timothy Abiodun Adebayo, Samuel Adelani Babarinde, Haleema Omolola Adedosu, Gabriel Olulakin Adesina

Keywords:

Banned Pesticide, Cocoa, Organochlorine, Pesticide, Pesticide Residue

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Permissions:

Creative Commons CC BY 4.0

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] A. Jean-Marc, The world cocoa economy: Current status, challenges and prospects. In the multi-year expert meeting on commodities and development, held between 9-10 April, 2014.

Google Scholar

[2] World Cocoa Foundation. Cocoa market update of April 1, 2014. Available on www.worldcocoa.org

Google Scholar

[3] I. N. Nwachukwu, N. Agwu, J. Nwaru, G. Imonikhe, Competitiveness and determination of cocoa export from Nigeria. Report and Opinion. 2010, Vol.2(7) pp.51-54.

Google Scholar

[4] L.K. Opeke Tropical Tree Crops, second ed., Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria. 1992, pp.95-96.

Google Scholar

[5] International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). Study on the costs, advantages and disadvantages of cocoa certification. KPMG, Advisory, Netherlands, 2012, pp.41-49.

Google Scholar

[6] United State Environmental Protection Agency, www.ep.gov/pesticides/oc Accessed on 30th March, 2014.

Google Scholar

[7] N. P. Giri, Pesticide pollution in vegetable crop in Kathmandu valley. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. 1998.

Google Scholar

[8] J.P. Lama Standard setting on pesticide residues to ensure food safety. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment 9 (2008) 46-53.

DOI: 10.3126/aej.v9i0.2116

Google Scholar

[9] E.U Asogwa, L.N. Donga, Problems associated with pesticides usage and application in Nigeria cocoa production: A review, African Journal of Agricultural Research 4(8) (2009) 675-683.

Google Scholar

[10] European Commission; Directorate-General for Health and Consumers, 2005. Available on www.ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pestcides/maxresdue-levels/doc Accessed on 15th may, 2015.

Google Scholar

[11] J.Z. Wang, Y.F. Guan, H.G. Ni, E.Y. Zeng, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in riverine runoff of the pearl River Delta (China): Concentration, fluxes and fate. Environ. Sci. Technol 41 (2007) 5614-9

DOI: 10.1021/es070964r

Google Scholar

[12] R. Bateman, Pesticide Use in Cocoa; A Guide for Training Administrative and Research Staff, second ed., ICCO, London, 2010, pp.33-38.

Google Scholar

[13] I.U Mokuwunye, F. D. Babalola, U. E. Asogwa, N. Idris, I.A. Aderolu, F.C. Mokwunye M. Idrisu, Compliance of agrochemical marketers with banned cocoa pesticides in Southwest Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural Science 59(2) (2014) 161-174.

DOI: 10.2298/jas1402161m

Google Scholar

[14] P. Aikpokpodion, L. Lajide, A.F. Aiyesanmi, L. Silvia, Residues of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its Metabolites in Cocoa Beans from Three Cocoa Ecological Zones in Nigeria. European Journal of Applied Sciences. 4(2) (2012) 52-57.

Google Scholar

[15] A. Axmon, A. Rignell-Hydbom, Estimations of past male and female serum concentrations of biomarkers of persistent organochlorine pollutants and their impact on fecundability estimates, Environmental Research. 101 (2006) 387-394.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.10.005

Google Scholar

[16] Jung-Ho Kang and Yoon-Seok Chang, Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Serum, Pesticides-Strategies for Pesticides Analysis, Prof. Margarita Stoytcheva (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-460-3,2011, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/pesticides-strategies-for-pesticides-analysis/organochlorinepesticides-in-human-serum Accessed on 30th March, 2015.

DOI: 10.5772/13642

Google Scholar

[17] C. Vesna, Z. Darinka and J. Jurij, Evidence of some trace elements, organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in Slovenian cow's milk (2000).

Google Scholar

[18] M. B. Sosan, A.E. Akingbohungbe, I.A.O. Ojo and M.A. Durosinmi, Insecticide residues in the blood serum and domestic water source of cacao farmers in South Western Nigeria, Chemosphere. 72 (2008) 781-784.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.015

Google Scholar

[19] X. Xu, A.B. Dailey, E.O Talbott, V.A, Ilacqua, G Kearney, N.R Asal, Associations of serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides with breast cancer and prostate cancer in U.S. adults. Environmental Health Perspectives 118 (2010) 60-66.

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900919

Google Scholar

[20] D.H Lee, I.K Lee, K. Song, M. Steffes, W. Toscano, B.A Baker, D.R Jacobs Jr, A strong dose-response relation between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: Results from the National Health and Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care 29 (2006) 1638-1644.

DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0543

Google Scholar

© 2025 AOA Academic Open Access Ltd, Cyprus. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open access content, terms of the Creative Commons licensing CC-BY are applied. AcademicOA.com is a registered trademark of AOA Academic Open Access Ltd, Cyprus.